Sense of an Ending

Here i am sharing my own views on the following topics.

What is the meaning of phrase ‘Blood Money’ in Veronica’s reply email?

Julian Barnes here justifies the Universal Truth that “One cannot know what he does not know” – with the reference of Tony Webster that he never understand the words of Veronica, When Tony asked Veronica about the Money at that time she replied with very tragic answer “Blood Money”.  When Tony asked about other things at that time Veronica also replied with unaccepted answer: -

"You still don’t get it. You never did, and you never will. So stop even trying”.

So here it can be interpreted that why does Veronica say ‘Blood Money’? Because there are two persons who are responsible for Adrian’s suicide they are Sarah and Tony Webster according to Veronica. Due to Sarah Adrian committed suicide as he makes her pregnant and another reason can also be given is that Veronica thinks that Tony Webster is responsible as he writes letter to Adrian. So the letter causes damage. Therefore Veronica thinks that Tony Webster is responsible for the suicide of Adrian. Hence we may say that she calls that money as ‘Blood Money’.

Concept of Suicide :

As for Robson’s death, Adrian quotes Camus:

“Suicide was the only true philosophical question.”

This leads the friends to conclude that the suicide could only be considered philosophical in an arithmetical sense: Robson, about to cause an increase of one in the human population, had decided that it was his ethical duty to keep the planet’s numbers constant. Nevertheless the friends are jealous of Robson. His achievement had been “unphilosophical, self-indulgent and inartistic”. When they learn that his suicide note was rumored to consist of just two words, “sorry mum”, they believe it to have “missed a powerful educative opportunity”.

Unreliable Narrator :

    There is but one truly serious philosophical problem, and that is suicide. Judging whether life is or is not worth living amounts to answering the fundamental question of philosophy. Suicide has never been dealt with except as a social phenomenon.

      Julian Barnes’ has achieved something remarkable with this text, creating a work that is honest in its inaccuracy, that is genuine in its falsehood. Through the narration of The Sense of an Ending, its protagonist Tony Webster teaches himself a set of lessons about the erratic itineraries of memory.

Even in moments of realizing ourselves as split by chronology and duration, we dance freestyle to the beats of being and time. Living implies constant narrative shifts, adjusting to the rhythms of our truths, lies, and indifferences Memory, as Barnes understands it and as Tony is forced to realize is far more edited than we'd like to believe.

Harry potter

Here i am sharing my own views on following topics.

Feminist reading of Harmione’s character in Harry Potter :

                                                                                        Feminism is a range of political movements, ideologies and social movements that share a common goal: to define, establish, and achieve equal political, economic, cultural, personal, and social rights for women.Hermione is that character that is smart, and she is able to figure out most of the secrets that no one else can. Her knowledge and brains save her and her friends throughout the series multiple times.

Hermione is the perfect example when examining the feminist principles in the novels. Throughout the series she has many strengths and weaknesses, but she is mostly criticized about her weaknesses as a character.

Hermione Granger is a good example of the many parts a character might represent because she is a friend and a student, and she is portrayed in many different lights throughout the Novels.

Chilodern literature :

                                                                                        Harry potter is interesting book and every part is gives moral lesson to us. For example love, family friends and relationship. Children literature is like sweet layer on bitter pill, same children’s literature is for children but deep satire on society. In children’s literature hero is generally in green shade, it means hero is childish and immature, innocent, trustworthy and undoubting. And villain is more mature.

When children are watching this movie, they only enjoyed it. But whereas the mature person watching this movie they started analyzing it, started looking it with different theory. Harry potter is horror books but children lot of enjoy. End of the novel is happy ending, and children’s literature. And it is also a kind of realistic literature, because it deals with the many them like love, death, faith, loyalty, relationship and many other things. There are so many theory which are applied on this book, so it is kind of realistic literature.

Thus, we can say that Harry Potter Book is Children Literature.

The theme of Love and Death :

In the novel Love and Death are the themes that go simultaneously. All the books of Rowling have these common theme “Selfless Love gets triumph” as is said ‘Truth always wins’. Love is a significant theme in all the books of Harry Potter series. Harry loved all, and was loved by all. This book delineates the concept of strongly tied of love among the character. Death has played a central role in each book, and is at the heart of  the final confrontation between Harry and Voldemort. Both Horcrux, which form the main thrust of the entire series, and the Deathly Hallows which are a major part of the story of the seventh book, are shown to be means of avoiding or mastering death. Harry’s attitude toward death is usually shown as a balance between recklessness and respect. Many times, Harry’s actions have led to his being in a dangerous situation, yet he has faced death bravely.

 Thus, Love and death are the prominent in novel. It is the mother’s love which protects harry at the same time is death prominent here.

Hereby I am sharing score of my self-assessment for this blog.

Overall Visual Appeal- 3
Navigation & Flow- 1
Mechanical Aspects-3
Motivational Effectiveness of Introduction- 3
Cognitive Effectiveness of the Introduction-2
Connection of Task to Standards- 3
Cognitive Level of the Task- 2
Clarity of Process -3
Scaffolding of Process- 3
Richness of Process- 3
Relevance & Quantity of Resources- 2
Quality of Resources- 2
Clarity of Evaluation Criteria-2
Total Marks:-32 /50

Arms and the Man

Summary :

The play begins in the bedroom of Raina Petkoff in a Bulgarian town in 1885, during the Serbo-Bulgarian War. As the play opens, Catherine Petkoff and her daughter, Raina, have just heard that the Bulgarians have scored a tremendous victory in a cavalry charge led by Raina's fiancé, Major Sergius Saranoff, who is in the same regiment as Raina's father, Major Paul Petkoff. Raina is so impressed with the noble deeds of her fiancé that she fears that she might never be able to live up to his nobility. At this very moment, the maid, Louka, rushes in with the news that the Serbs are being chased through the streets and that it is necessary to lock up the house and all of the windows. Raina promises to do so later, and Louka leaves. But as Raina is reading in bed, shots are heard, there is a noise at the balcony window, and a bedraggled enemy soldier with a gun appears and threatens to kill her if she makes a sound. After the soldier and Raina exchange some words, Louka calls from outside the door; she says that several soldiers want to search the house and investigate a report that an enemy Serbian soldier was seen climbing her balcony. When Raina hears the news, she turns to the soldier. He says that he is prepared to die, but he certainly plans to kill a few Bulgarian soldiers in her bedroom before he dies. Thus, Raina impetuously decides to hide him. The soldiers investigate, find no one, and leave. Raina then calls the man out from hiding; she nervously and absentmindedly sits on his gun, but she learns that it is not loaded; the soldier carries no cartridges. He explains that instead of carrying bullets, he always carries chocolates into battle. Furthermore, he is not an enemy; he is a Swiss, a professional soldier hired by Serbia. Raina gives him the last of her chocolate creams, which he devours, maintaining that she has indeed saved his life. Now that the Bulgarian soldiers are gone, Raina wants the "chocolate cream soldier" (as she calls him) to climb back down the drainpipe, but he refuses to; whereas he could climb up, he hasn't the strength to climb down. When Raina goes after her mother to help, the "chocolate cream soldier" crawls into Raina's bed and falls instantly asleep. In fact, when they re-enter, he is sleeping so soundly that they cannot awaken him.

Act II begins four months later in the garden of Major Petkoff's house. The middle-aged servant Nicola is lecturing Louka on the importance of having proper respect for the upper class, but Louka has too independent a soul to ever be a "proper" servant. She has higher plans for herself than to marry someone like Nicola, who, she insists, has the "soul of a servant." Major Petkoff arrives home from the war, and his wife Catherine greets him with two bits of information: she suggests that Bulgaria should have annexed Serbia, and she tells him that she has had an electric bell installed in the library. Major Sergius Saranoff, Raina's fiancé and leader of the successful cavalry charge, arrives, and in the course of discussing the end of the war, he and Major Petkoff recount the now-famous story of how a Swiss soldier escaped by climbing up a balcony and into the bedroom of a noble Bulgarian woman. The women are shocked that such a crude story would be told in front of them. When the Petkoffs go into the house, Raina and Sergius discuss their love for one another, and Raina romantically declares that the two of them have found a "higher love."

When Raina goes to get her hat so that they can go for a walk, Louka comes in, and Sergius asks if she knows how tiring it is to be involved with a "higher love." Then he immediately tries to embrace the attractive maid. Since he is being so blatantly familiar, Louka declares that Miss Raina is no better than she; Raina, she says, has been having an affair while Sergius was away, but she refuses to tell Sergius who Raina's lover is, even though Sergius accidently bruises Louka's arm while trying to wrest a confession from her. When he apologizes, Louka insists that he kiss her arm, but Sergius refuses and, at that moment, Raina re-enters. Sergius is then called away, and Catherine enters. The two ladies discuss how incensed they both are that Sergius related the tale about the escaping soldier. Raina, however, doesn't care if Sergius hears about it; she is tired of his stiff propriety. At that moment, Louka announces the presence of a Swiss officer with a carpetbag, calling for the lady of the house. His name is Captain Bluntschli. Instantly, they both know he is the "chocolate cream soldier" who is returning the Major's old coat that they disguised him in. As they make rapid, desperate plans to send him away, Major Petkoff hails Bluntschli and greets him warmly as the person who aided them in the final negotiations of the war; the old Major insists that Bluntschli must their houseguest until he has to return to Switzerland.

Act III begins shortly after lunch and takes place in the library. Captain Bluntschli is attending to a large amount of confusing paperwork in a very efficient manner, while Sergius and Major Petkoff merely observe. Major Petkoff complains about a favorite old coat being lost, but at that moment Catherine rings the new library bell, sends Nicola after the coat, and astounds the Major by thus retrieving his lost coat. When Raina and Bluntschli are left alone, she compliments him on his looking so handsome now that he is washed and brushed. Then she assumes a high and noble tone and chides him concerning certain stories which he has told and the fact that she has had to lie for him. Bluntschli laughs at her "noble attitude" and says that he is pleased with her demeanor. Raina is amused; she says that Bluntschli is the first person to ever see through her pretensions, but she is perplexed that he didn't feel into the pockets of the old coat which she lent him; she had placed a photo of herself there with the inscription "To my Chocolate Cream Soldier." At this moment, a telegram is brought to Bluntschli relating the death of his father and the necessity of his coming home immediately to make arrangements for the six hotels that he has inherited. As Raina and Bluntschli leave the room, Louka comes in wearing her sleeve in a ridiculous fashion so that her bruise will be obvious. Sergius enters and asks if he can cure it now with a kiss. Louka questions his true bravery; she wonders if he has the courage to marry a woman who is socially beneath him, even if he loved the woman. Sergius asserts that he would, but he is now engaged to a girl so noble that all such talk is absurd. Louka then lets him know that Bluntschli is his rival and that Raina will marry the Swiss soldier. Sergius is incensed. He sees Bluntschli and immediately challenges him to a duel; then he retracts when Raina comes in and accuses him of making love to Louka merely to spy on her and Bluntschli. As they are arguing, Bluntschli asks for Louka, who has been eavesdropping at the door. She is brought in, Sergius apologizes to her, kisses her hand, and thus they become engaged. Bluntschli asks permission to become a suitor for Raina's hand, and when he lists all of the possessions which he has (200 horses, 9600 pairs of sheets, ten thousand knives and forks, etc.), permission for the marriage is granted, and Bluntschli says that he will return in two weeks to marry Raina. Succumbing with pleasure, Raina gives a loving smile to her "chocolate cream soldier."

Historical context:

Bernard Shaw’s childhood was overshadowed by the failure of his parents’ marriage. And the realities of human relationships and the bond of marriage became one of the most important themes in his plays. To Shaw, marriage is not the domesticity of lovers with rosy dreams of a beautiful future, it is a solemn contract between two people who share the responsibilities of providing a better future to the world. The other important theme of the play is the brutality of war. The play, published in 1898, showed the viewers what war is actually like. Shaw was criticized for belittling soldiers, the brave patriots who sacrifice their lives to save their country. But the two world wars of the twentieth century proved the power of Shaw’s prophetic vision.

Wind up :

Throughout the play, Shaw arranged his material so as to satirize the glories associated with war and to ultimately suggest that aristocratic pretensions have no place in today's wars, which are won by using business-like efficiency, such as the practical matters of which Bluntschli is a master. Arms and the Man presents a world where the practical man who lives with no illusions and no poetic views about either love or war is shown to be the superior creature.

Measure for Measure

Summary :

Shakespeare's Measure for Measure bases on the destiny of Claudio, who is captured by Lord Angelo, the brief pioneer of Vienna. Angelo is left in control by the Duke, who puts on a show to leave town yet rather dresses as a monk to watch the goings-on in his nonattendance. Angelo is strict, moralistic, and unflinching in his basic leadership; he chooses that there is a lot of opportunity in Vienna and willingly volunteers free the city of massage parlors and unlawful sexual movement. Laws against these practices and organizations as of now exist, and Angelo essentially chooses to uphold them all the more entirely. Claudio is captured for impregnating Juliet, his significant other, before they were hitched. In spite of the fact that they were locked in and their sex was consensual, Claudio is sentenced to death keeping in mind the end goal to fill in for instance to the next Viennese subjects.

Isabella, Claudio's sister, is going to enter a convent when her sibling is captured. She is unfailingly righteous, religious, and pure. When she knows about her sibling's capture, she goes to Angelo to implore him for benevolence. He won't, however proposes that there may be some approach to alter his opinion. When he recommendations her, saying that he will give Claudio a chance to live on the off chance that she consents to have sex with him, she is stunned and instantly can't. Her sibling concurs at first however then alters his opinion. Isabella is left to examine an essential choice.

Isabella is, as it were, let free when the Duke, dressed as a minister, intercedes. He reveals to her that Angelo's previous mate, Mariana, was locked in to be hitched to him, yet he surrendered her when she lost her settlement in a wreck. The Duke frames an arrangement by which Isabella will consent to engage in sexual relations with the Angelo, however then Mariana will go in her place. The following morning, Angelo will absolve Claudio and be compelled to wed Mariana as indicated by the law.

Everything works out as expected, with the exception of that Angelo does not acquit Claudio, dreading revenge. The executive and the Duke send him the leader of a dead privateer, asserting that it had a place with Claudio, and Angelo trusts that his requests were completed. Isabella is informed that her sibling is dead, and that she ought to present a dissension to the Duke, who is expected to arrive in the blink of an eye, blaming Angelo for indecent acts.

The Duke returns in his standard garments, saying that he will hear all grievances quickly. Isabella reveals to her story, and the Duke imagines not to trust her. In the long run, the Duke uncovers his double character, and everybody is compelled to be straightforward. Angelo admits to his wrongdoings, Claudio is exculpated, and the Duke requests that Isabella wed him.

Writing style :

In Measure for Measure, the honorable characters generally talk in unrhymed poetic pattern (additionally called "clear verse"). Try not to give the favor names a chance to threaten you – it's truly quite basic once you get the hang of it. We should begin with a meaning of poetic pattern:

An "iamb" is an unaccented syllable took after by an emphasized one. "Penta" signifies "five," and "meter" alludes to a consistent cadenced example. So "measured rhyming" is a sort of cadenced example that comprise of five iambs for every line. It's the most widely recognized cadence in English verse and seems like five heartbeats:

da DUM, da DUM, da DUM, da DUM, da DUM.

Here's a case, where Isabella says she won't trade off her prudence to spare Claudio:

we CANnot WEIGH our BROther WITH ourSELF.

extraordinary MEN may JEST with SAINTS; tis WIT in THEM. (2.2.16)

Consistently syllable is emphasized (focused on) so this is exemplary measured rhyming. Since the lines have no standard rhyme conspire we call it "unrhymed measured rhyming," a.k.a. "clear verse."

Isabella's ardent addresses are conveyed in verse, which is befitting her societal position and furthermore her honesty.

Wind up : 

Measure for Measure is viewed as a comic drama, which is in some cases deceiving. A few commentators think of it as an especially "dull" satire for its sharpness and skepticism. The play surely brings essential good issues up in its point by point depictions of Christianity. The structure is based around mystery characters and a great deal of control. In the first place, the Duke camouflages himself as a monk, and numerous issues are settled when he unveils his personality. Second, the Duke encourages different characters to do two other mystery arranges including mixed up personality: Mariana has Isabella's spot, and the leader of a dead privateer is sent set up of Claudio's. The plot is consequently unpredictably woven, and the determination of the play accompanies the disentangling of the layers of interest made by the Duke.

Wuthering Heights

Summary:

Wuthering Heights opens with Lockwood, a tenant of Heathcliff's, visiting the home of his landlord. A subsequent visit to Wuthering Heights yields an accident and a curious supernatural encounter, which pique Lockwood's curiosity. Back at Thrushcross Grange and recuperating from his illness, Lockwood begs Nelly Dean, a servant who grew up in Wuthering Heights and now cares for Thrushcross Grange, to tell him of the history of Heathcliff. Nelly narrates the main plot line of Wuthering Heights.

Mr. Earnshaw, a Yorkshire Farmer and owner of Wuthering Heights, brings home an orphan from Liverpool. The boy is named Heathcliff and is raised with the Earnshaw children, Hindley and Catherine. Catherine loves Heathcliff but Hindley hates him because Heathcliff has replaced Hindley in Mr. Earnshaw's affection. After Mr. Earnshaw's death, Hindley does what he can to destroy Heathcliff, but Catherine and Heathcliff grow up playing wildly on the moors, oblivious of anything or anyone else — until they encounter the Lintons.

Edgar and Isabella Linton live at Thrushcross Grange and are the complete opposites of Heathcliff and Catherine. The Lintons welcome Catherine into their home but shun Heathcliff. Treated as an outsider once again, Heathcliff begins to think about revenge. Catherine, at first, splits her time between Heathcliff and Edgar, but soon she spends more time with Edgar, which makes Heathcliff jealous. When Heathcliff overhears Catherine tell Nelly that she can never marry him (Heathcliff), he leaves Wuthering Heights and is gone for three years.

While he is gone, Catherine continues to court and ends up marrying Edgar. Their happiness is short-lived because they are from two different worlds, and their relationship is strained further when Heathcliff returns. Relationships are complicated even more as Heathcliff winds up living with his enemy, Hindley (and Hindley's son, Hareton), at Wuthering Heights and marries Isabella, Edgar's sister. Soon after Heathcliff's marriage, Catherine gives birth to Edgar's daughter, Cathy, and dies.

Heathcliff vows revenge and does not care who he hurts while executing it. He desires to gain control of Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange and to destroy everything Edgar Linton holds dear. In order to exact his revenge, Heathcliff must wait 17 years. Finally, he forces Cathy to marry his son, Linton. By this time he has control of the Heights and with Edgar's death, he has control of the Grange.

Through all of this, though, the ghost of Catherine haunts Heathcliff. What he truly desires more than anything else is to be reunited with his soul mate. At the end of the novel, Heathcliff and Catherine are united in death, and Hareton and Cathy are going to be united in marriage.

Writing style :

Brontë varies the style depending on whether Lockwood or Nelly Dean is narrating, and even further with each character being described. Nelly's speech is animated, with lively images and vivid descriptions that reflect her presence at the scenes she describes. She also enjoys ratcheting up the drama, infusing her accounts with her own opinions and attitudes. You can tell she enjoys her position as narrator to Lockwood's listener, and this sense of power influences her style. But technically we are reading Lockwood's diary, and his style is intimate but more formal and composed than Nelly's.

Above both of them, Brontë's style prevails, and she has a pretty rhythmical and elegiac approach. For just about every implication of the sinister and dark, there is a beam of light struggling to emerge. Her prose style is not quite so heavily under the influence of the Gothic that she denies the possibility of hope and redemption.

Wind up :

At first glance, Wuthering Heights is a romantic tale. Digging further, perusers find both a typical and mental novel. (Contemporary groups of onlookers, for instance, effectively identify with issues of kid mishandle and liquor addiction.) truth be told, Wuthering Heights can't be effortlessly named a specific sort of novel — that is the abstract quality that Brontë's content has. The novel told from numerous perspectives is effortlessly perused and translated from different points of view, too.

Like other artistic perfect works of art, Wuthering Heights has brought forth emotional creations, a melodic retelling, films, and even a novel that fills in the holes of Heathcliff's three missing years. Emily Brontë's novel has conquer its underlying crisp gathering to warm the hearts of sentimental people and realists around the world.

Doctor Faustus

Summary :

Doctor Faustus, an all around regarded German researcher, becomes disappointed with the points of confinement of customary types of learning—rationale, solution, law, and religion—and concludes that he needs to figure out how to hone enchantment. His companions Valdes and Cornelius educate him operating at profit expressions; what's more, he starts his new profession as a mystical performer by summoning up Mephistopheles, a fallen angel. Regardless of Mephistopheles' notices about the repulsions of hellfire, Faustus advises the fallen angel to come back to his lord, Lucifer, with an offer of Faustus' spirit in return for twenty-four a long time of administration from Mephistopheles. In the interim, Wagner, Faustus' hireling, has grabbed some supernatural capacity and utilizations it to press a jokester named Robin into his administration.

Mephistopheles comes back to Faustus with word that Lucifer has acknowledged Faustus offer. Faustus encounters a few qualms and miracles if he ought to atone and spare his spirit; at last, however, he consents to the arrangement, marking it with his blood. As before long as he does as such, the words "Homo fuge," Latin for "O man, fly," seem marked on his arm. Faustus again has apprehensions; however Mephistopheles gives rich gifts on him and gives him a book of spells to learn. Afterward, Mephistopheles answers the greater part of his inquiries about the way of the world, declining to answer just when Faustus asks him who made the universe. This refusal prompts yet another episode of hesitations in Faustus, yet Mephistopheles and Lucifer bring in representations of the Seven Deadly Sins to skip about in front of Faustus, and he is sufficiently inspired to calm his questions.

Furnished with his new powers and aliened by Mephistopheles, Faustus starts to travel. He goes to the pope's court in Rome, makes himself imperceptible, and plays a progression of traps. He upsets the pope's meal by taking sustenance and boxing the pope's ears. Taking after this episode, he goes through the courts of Europe, with his distinction spreading as he goes. In the long run, he is welcome to the court of the German sovereign, Charles V (the foe of the pope), who inquires Faustus to permit him to see Alexander the Great, the renowned worldwide fourth century b.c. Macedonian lord and winner. Faustus evokes an picture of Alexander, and Charles is appropriately awed. A knight laughs at Faustus' forces, and Faustus reprimands him by making horns grow from his head. Very angry, the knight pledges exact retribution.

In the mean time, Robin, Wagner's jokester, has gotten some enchantment all alone, and with his kindred stable hand, Rafe, he experiences various comic misfortunes. At a certain point, he figures out how to summon Mephistopheles, who debilitates to transform Robin and Rafe into creatures to rebuff them for their silliness.

Faustus then goes ahead with his ventures, playing a trap on a stallion courser en route. Faustus offers him a stallion that transforms into a load of straw when ridden into a waterway. In the long run, Faustus is welcome to the court of the Duke of Vanholt, where he performs different accomplishments. The steed courser appears there, alongside Robin, a man named Dick, and different other people who have succumbed to Faustus' duplicity. Be that as it may, Faustus throws spells on them and sends them out the door, to the beguilement of the duke and duchess.

As the twenty-four years of his arrangement with Lucifer find some conclusion, Faustus starts to fear his looming passing. He has Mephistopheles ring Helen of Troy, the well known excellence from the antiquated world, and utilizations her nearness to inspire a gathering of researchers. An old man urges Faustus to apologize, yet Faustus pushes him away. Faustus summons Helen again and shouts euphorically about her excellence. Be that as it may, time is developing short. Faustus informs the researchers concerning his agreement, and they are appalled and make plans to petition God for him. On the last night before the close of the twenty-four years, Faustus is overcome by dread and regret. He asks for kindness, however it is past the point of no return. At midnight, a large group of villain’s shows up and steals his spirit away to hellfire. In the morning, the researchers discover Faustus appendages and choose to hold a memorial service for him.

Historical context :

Doctor Faustus was probably written in 1592, although the exact date of its composition is uncertain, since it was not published until a decade later. The idea of an individual selling his or her soul to the devil for knowledge is an old motif in Christian folklore, one that had become attached to the historical persona of Johannes Faustus, a disreputable astrologer who lived in Germany sometime in the early 1500s. The immediate source of Marlowe’s play seems to be the anonymous German work Historia von D. Iohan Fausten of 1587, which was translated into English in 1592, and from which Marlowe lifted the bulk of the plot for his drama. Although there had been literary representations of Faust prior to Marlowe’s play, Doctor Faustus is the first famous version of the story. Later versions include the long and famous poem Faust by the nineteenth-century Romantic writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, as well as operas by Charles Gounod and Arrigo Boito and a symphony by Hector Berlioz. Meanwhile, the phrase “Faustian bargain” has entered the English lexicon, referring to any deal made for a short-term gain with great costs in the long run.

Writing style :

Before Marlowe, blank verse had not been the accepted verse form for drama. Many earlier plays had used rhymed verse; there are a few examples, such as Gorboduc, which had used blank verse, but the poetry in Gorboduc was stiff and formal. Marlowe was the first to free the drama from the stiff traditions and prove that blank verse was an effective and expressive vehicle for Elizabethan drama.Here, in this drama Marlowe has used blank verse.

To wind up :

Doctor Faustus, indeed, is a tragic hero. His Black deeds lead him to disaster. Despite repentance, he is punished. His all escaping ways fail to save him from declination. We can say that Marlowe, by this play, wants to say that if we go against God, we will have to pay a great cost or we will be punished.

Frankenstein

Summary :

Victor Frankenstein, child of a renowned Swiss family appears to have everything: riches, youth, companions and family. He additionally has a passionate longing for information which he intends to satisfy by learning at the prestigious Ingolstadt University. However his energy for learning drives him to play out a deed as shocking as it is heavenly. He finds the key to life itself and fabricates a man, a towering creature of a man and invests it with life. Astonished and spurned by his own creation, Frankenstein flies from the college and from anything identified with his field of research. Stunned and debilitated by his works and the ghastliness he has persevered, Frankenstein turns into a despondent shadow of his previous self. He returns home to find that his creation is conscious, mindful of him and has as of now conferred kill. Evaded by all, forlorn and relinquished by even its maker, the hopeless creature demands him to make a friend for him. Frankenstein declines to unleash another such monster upon mankind. A battle starts between the two: the producer and his fiend A battle that can end just in entire pulverization of either A battle that will uncover the genuine way of both. It brings up the issue: who is the genuine creator of malevolence, the maker or the creation?

Social/Historical context:

Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus was composed by Mary Shelley; spouse of the well known English artist Percy By Shelley; and distributed in 1818. The book is an invasion into the class of Gothic horror fiction and one of the first of its kind. It manages the moral issues of propelling innovation and investigates man's association with his creator at a symbolic level.

Writing Style:

The book is composed as a progression of accounts in the primary person; presented as a progression of letters from a pioneer to his sister, then as a describe of Victor Frankenstein's story. The dialect is illustrative of English run of the mill in the nineteenth century. Be that as it may it is very basic and straightforward and the writing is extremely free flowing. The plot is developed unbelievably and the two principle characters are strikingly very much outlined.

To wind up :

I don't view it as such a large amount of a frightfulness novel than a catastrophe. It is a lovely work and an incredible investigation of the numerous thought processes, feelings what's more, activities plaguing the human personality. The book seems sufficiently basic at to start with look and the characters simple to judge, however by the end the peruser is left pondering with regards to the genuine way of "shrewdness" as it is called. Is the question naturally malicious or does the nearness of relieving conditions lessen its degree? The vast majority who read it will be amazed to see the difference between Shelley's anguished, well spoken animal and the blundering, dumb creature named "Frankenstein" by the doltish makers of the network shows and motion pictures.

Waiting for Godot

Summary :

A Nobel Prize winning absurdist play, Waiting for Godot spins around two tramps, Vladimir and Estragon, who are apparently sitting tight for Godot. Who or what Godot is, they are uninformed. To take a break till Godot arrives, these two companions contend, play, eat, rest and banter. They indeed, even consider conferring suicide – anything that would help them to sit back. In the first and also the second demonstration of the play, they experience Pozzo and Lucky who are ace and slave. The two tramps additionally contend on philosophical and religious subjects, however they generally wind up concurring that there is "not something to be finished." Each act closes with the entry of a kid who educates the two that however Godot would not have the capacity to come that day, he would definitely come the following day. In this way their "sitting tight for Godot" goes on without a break.

Social/Historical context:

Absurdist theater was generally prominent in the second 50% of the twentieth century. With the Second World War destroying across the board pulverization, the individuals were tormented with sadness with the present day world. Such a classification of theater went for delineating the preposterousness of presence for these individuals. Sitting tight for Godot, composed and delivered in 1952, manages a portion of the imperative philosophical inquiries of the time, for example, existentialism and agnosticism. There are additionally a few references to the Christian confidence, which individuals had started to address in the repercussions of the war.

Writing Style:

Being an absurdist play, the discoursed in the play don't bode well at first glance. In any case, in such dramatization, discoursed are the most critical device in the hands of the writer, since the sets or the outfits are utilized negligibly. In this play, through the exchanges, we can detect the dissatisfaction that Vladimir and Estragon feel. They are sitting tight for somebody about whose presence they are not in any case beyond any doubt. They ask existential inquiries, and getting no answers, are headed to misery and contemplations of suicide. The incongruity of the discoursed focuses to the way that there is little sense to our reality as people.

To wind up :

The play is unquestionably not a simple read. Be that as it may, for any individual who is keen on show, this is one Beckett's best works. It takes a while to get a handle on the play in its sum, yet once such a deed is expert, the play will incite much thought and reflection in the reader’s psyche. Anybody endeavouring to perused the play ought to likewise ensure that he/she knows about the nuts and bolts of absurdist dramatization and theories, for example, existentialism and absurdism. All this will help in getting a charge out of and comprehension the play better.

Hamlet

Summary :

Hamlet is a exact retribution story that is maybe like any other child's mission for avenging his dad's murder. Be that as it may, it has been said that nothing is new under the sun. All stories are old and commonplace, and the advising raises it to the level of an artful culmination. Love, desire and contempt, those vital components of each story, are found over again in this immortal exemplary. The dramatization pulls the peruse into a private engagement and Hamlet's catastrophe turns into the deplorability of each person. No country is a outsider to political interests and relationships. Outrages in the court are shining without being amazing. With the words "something is spoiled in the condition of Denmark", Shakespeare underlines the comprehensiveness of 'rottenness. The ruler of Denmark is executed by his sibling, who yearns for the crown and the ruler. Villa, the sovereign, comes to think about this and pledge exact retribution.

Historical context :

Hamlet was most likely composed in the vicinity of 1599 and 1601. The story depends on well known legend, yet regardless of being totally implanted in the sixteenth century, it is a story that has an all inclusive reach across limits of time also, space. Shakespeare tries to convey a message and contemplations of arranging an execution easily take a rearward sitting arrangement, which is the reason this play is viewed as a definitive test for any performer. Hamlet has even entered the English dialect and is a piece of open memory people cite from the play unwittingly. Shakespeare takes the old story of a saint who penances himself in the reason for equity and turns it on its head. Hamlet is not really the well known hero he is confounded and hesitant, he can't act and he delays. He accomplishes something just when some outside cataclysm constrains him to respond. He is distracted with considerations of death and suicide.

His judgment and knowledge are extremely uncommon for a regal personage. He is no weakling but his fencing aptitudes are scarcely of any utilization while his outrage is misled. Hamlet is not a vengeance story on a fundamental level, it is a journey for character what's more, self-knowledge.

Writing style :

It is pointless to state that the verse is superb the certainty that it remains with the peruse for quite a while is sufficient declaration. Shakespeare utilizes talk to pass on numerous sorts of importance with only one line, which makes each line extremely extraordinary and open to an assortment of translations. Plentiful utilization of quips and analogies set forward thoughts regarding character, female sexuality, and so on. It is fascinating to note how Shakespeare treats love. The oedipal suggestions of Villa's affection for his mom have been talked about for a considerable length of time. Ruler Gertrude's ill-timed relationship has been dismembered in the light of midlife emergency, menopause, and so on. Be that as it may, there are different sorts of affection that have gotten relatively lesser consideration. The amazingly low key treatment of the relationship amongst Hamlet and Ophelia is startling when one considers the catastrophe of Ophelia, which is as superb as the romantic tale of Desdemona on the other hand, Juliet. Dutiful love shapes the premise of the play, and thoughts regarding parental supervision and burden keep running as an undercurrent.

To wind up :

Hamlet changed the way I look at life. I cannot explain why I fell in love with the most flawed character in English literature. Perhaps because it is not easy to recognize flaws for what they are and accept them.

Northrop Frye: The Archetypes of Literature

Northrop Frye: The Archetypes of Literature

• What is Archetypal Criticism? What does the archetypal critic do?

The term Archetype indicates narrative designs, symbols, character, dreams, collective images and myths in literature.  Archetypal critic takes symbols from past event and attaches It to present and from myths to recent theories.

• What is Frye trying prove by giving an analogy of ' Physics to Nature' and 'Criticism to Literature'? 

Physics is an organized body of knowledge about nature but student of physics says that they are learning physics not nature. Criticism to literature Frye tries to prove that ideas of art like nature, that is a methodical study and has to be distinguished from the study itself, literature it to behave like a science, there is surely no reason why criticism, as a systematic and organized study. 

• Share your views of Criticism as an organised body of knowledge. Mention relation of literature with history and philosophy. 

Frye’s ‘Archetypes of literature’ in mention that to history and philosophy that organized body of knowledge which literature relates with history and philosophy. So the history and philosophy help us to connected present ideas and history and philosophy remain with literature.

• Briefly explain inductive method with illustration of Shakespeare's Hamlet's Grave Digger's scene. 

Inductive method means going move further “Particular to general” In Hamlet's grave diging's scene we can deals with inductive method like, Hamlet looks at the Yorick’s skull, then fights with Laertes due to Ophelia’s death and Hamlet’s confesses his love for Ophelia.

• Briefly explain deductive method with reference to an analogy to Music, Painting, rhythm and pattern. Give examples of the outcome of deductive method.

The deductive method deals with general truth to particular truth. Music has rhyming & painting has particular design.Literature has seems to be middle between music and panting. In music we can see the rhythm and in painting we see the pattern.

 Aaya basant hansata gaata,

 rang-birangi phool khilaata. 

 jhoom rahi hai har daali daali,

 kook rahi koyal matwaali. 

 Gun gun gun gun bhanwara gaata,

 titali raani se batiyaata.

 Khush ho bachche patang udaate,

 wo-kaata ka shor machaate.

 sardi kehati ab hai 

• Refer to the Indian seasonal grid (below). If you can, please read small Gujarati or Hindi or English poem from the archetypal approach and apply Indian seasonal grid in the interpretation.  

This poem is about spring season. Here we  see when spring season comes flower becomes full of life and people enjoys this season and sing a song. With this moment branches of trees also dance. Small children also enjoy flying kites.

Coleridge: Biographia Literaria

Coleridge: Biographia Literaria

• Write in your words the difference between poem and prose.

Prose is a creative work which gives us a truth with a simple language written in chain of events . While poem is written in full of rhyme and meter and it is full of imagination. poem is a piece of writing in which the expression of feeling and ideas is given intensity by particular attention to diction, rhythm and imagery.Poem is a form of art in which the skillful choice and arrangement of words achieves desired emotional effect. Poems  only  gives pleasure and joy and poems always created with the help of meter and rhyme or rhythm. And so poetry is totally differ from poems. He says that by modifies the   images ,thoughts and emotions of the poets own mind poems were created.

• Write in your words the difference between poem and poetry.

Poetry has not any kind of rhyme and meter. In poetry we can not find any imagination instead of it we can find history and reality in it. Poems are full of imagination which gives us delight and joy and it is full of rhyme and meter. To defining poetry proceeds to enumerate the charactristics of the imagination. In other words we can say that 'poetry' is an activity of the poet's mind,and a poem is merely one of the form of its expression,a verbal expression of that activity,and poetic activity of the imagination.

 

Wordsworth 's Preface to Lyrical Ballads.

Here i am discussing about Wordsworth 's Preface to Lyrical Ballads.

• What is the basic difference between the poetic creed of 'Classicism' and 'Romanticism'?

The big difference between classicism and romanticism is that classicist follows the rules and regulations but romanticist believes that rules are for fools. This term that what is classicism and what is Romanticism . difference between this is that a romantic poem will be about love towards people while classical will be more old fashioned . 

• Why does Wordsworth say 'What' is poet? rather than Who is poet?

Wordsworth don’t says about who is poet? He gives idea that what is poet? Poet has a greater knowledge of human nature that he can express his feelings towards it. Poet can feel emotions of human nature and share his experience in poetry.

• What is poetic diction? Which sort of poetic diction is suggested by Wordsworth in his Preface?

Wordsworth gave rustic color to the poetic diction .Wordsworth believes that poetry should written in a simple languages that common people can understand it well. His poetry’s subjects are also based on common incidents of life. So, if the poetry is written in rustic languages, it can express its emotions at a higher level.

• What is poetry?

Poetry is for to heighten the imagination of human nature which gives a life a new way of thinking and gives aesthetic delight. ‘ Poetry is the Product of Poet’s mind.’

• Discuss 'Daffodils - I wandered lonely as a cloud' with reference to Wordsworth's poetic creed.

“ I wandered lonely as a cloud ” known as Daffodils is lyric poem written in simple language wordsworth , and that’s why everyone understand his poem . he says that wandering like a cloud ,floating above hills and valleys and he encounter a field of daffodils beside the lake and though the wave of lake danced beside the flower.

Dryden's Essay Of Dramatick Poesie

Here, I am discussing some points of Dryden's essay of Dramatic poesy.

• Do you any difference between Aristotle's definition of Tragedy and Dryden's definition of Play?

yes, I find there is difference between both the definitions.  Aristotle defined tragedy as “the imitation of  an action that is serious and also, as having magnitude , complete in itself, ” in the medium of poetic  language, and in the manner of dramatic rather than narrative presentation , incorporating “ incidents arousing pity and fear, wherewith to accomplish the catharsis of such emotions .” so it is natural pleasure in imitation , which is born instinct in men .

Dryden’s definition of Play;

           “Just and lively image of human nature , representing its passion and humorous and the change of fortune to which it is subject, for the  delight and instruction of mankind”

In Aristotle’s definition manner of imitation should be action , not narration as in epic, for it is meant to be dramatic representation , not mere storytelling, in  the case of Dryden , it is not slavish imitation , but imaginative creation that Dryden means by ‘Just’ and ‘ Lively’ image of human nature .

• If you are supposed to give your personal predilection, would you be on the side of the Ancient or the Modern? Please give reasons.

In my opinion Ancient Literature is better than the Modern. the Superiority of Ancients is established by the very fact that  the moderns simply imitate  them, and build on foundations  laid by them. the Ancients are the acknowledge models of the Moderns . Ancients closely observed Nature and faithfully represented their work.  here I would like to  add  that , Ben Johnson , had great admiration for the ancients , he imitated and borrowed heavily from them .

• Do you think that the arguments presented in favour of the French plays and against English plays are appropriate?

 No I am not in the favour of French plays as I love English plays which represents both side of real life like full of happiness and full of sorrows .English plays are full of entertainment and offer an element of surprise which French do not present .If Shakespeare follows the rules of play ,we can not get the great dramatist like him and his great works. Hamlet is the play which has shown death on stage, dual fight and multiple plots still it is famous in whole a world which proves that English plays are best.

• What would be your preference so far as poetic or prosaic dialogues are concerned in the play? 

 I would like to go with prosaic dialogues in the play because it would be untestable for common reader .Poetic dialogues are very hard for common reader to understand.

Discussing about movie Hamlet.

Here, I am discussing some points after watching movie " Hamlet". I am giving my views on following questions.

• How faithful is the movie to the original play?

The movie Kenneth Branagh's "HAMLET" based on William Shakespeare's "Hamlet" is according to me faithful to Shakespeare’s Hamlet because the language of the play is same to the movie and as a director Kenneth Branagh had tried to do some changes in the movie. Here in this movie he comes with same dialogue , by watching this movie, we can understand drama very well, but here he made some changes here like background of the stage, character’s costume and the mirror scene is the new idea of the director, but as far as the play is concerned movie is faithful to the play. and yes very well use of Soliloquies.

        " To be or not to be that is the question"

• After watching the movie, have your perception about play, characters or situations changed?

Before watching movie I was thinking that the ghost of Hamlet will directly come and meet Hamlet but in the movie I saw hamlet’s statue first, and then suddenly the ghost comes at the Forrest, and I was little surprised. So, I can say that my perception was changed. and I was confused about the character of Fortinbras but after watching movie I can understand in better way  what is the role of Fortinbras.

• Do you feel ‘aesthetic delight’ while watching the movie? If yes, exactly when did it happen? If no, can you explain with reasons?

At the end I felt aesthetic delight because of Horatio’s love for his friend Hamlet. As he also wants to die after his friend because he loved him so much. It was a very heart touching scene portrayed by director.

• Do you feel ‘catharsis’ while or after watching movie? If yes, exactly when did it happen? If no, can you explain with reasons?

Yes, I also feel catharsis many times in the movie. Exectly speaking I feel sympathy with Ophelia, Hamlet and Gertrude.  And there are some scenes in the movie from we can feel catharsis like when Claudius kills king Hamlet cruelly and than when Hamlet behaves  rudely  with Ophelia in nunnery scene.

• Does screening of movie help you in better understanding of the play?

The screening of the movie, I can say helps me, in better understanding of the play and Hamlet’s character. And secondly I adds that it s also help me to understand the role of Fortinbras.

• Was there any particular scene or moment in the movie that you will cherish lifetime?

the scene that I cherished life time is between two friends Horatio and Hamlet , at the end when Hamlet was dying and request to Horatio not die after him, tell his story to the people. And Horatio very faithful to his friend’s request.

• If you are director, what changes would you like to make in the remaking of movie on Shakespeare’s ‘Hamlet’?

If I am a director, I will try my best to change Hamlet’s thinking for his mother, and his beloved. And of course I will  give justice for this two characters which are Rosencrantz and Guildinsternarn, both were marginalized in Shakespeare’s original one .

• While studying the play through movie, which approach do you find more applicable to the play? Why? Give reasons with illustrations.

I found many approaches in this movie but most important is that cultural approach that the power of kingship in the Elizabethan era. The characters of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern and also other minor   characters are behind the King and Queen they suffer the power of kingship.

• Which of the above mentioned approaches (in Pre-viewing task) appeals you more than other? Why? Give reasons.

The approach which appeals me more than other is philosophical approach. Because this approach directly shows the condition of Hamlet’s mind. As reader we come to about what exactly is happening in the mind of hamlet.

Orientalism

Here , I am sharing my views on Orientalism which is written by Edward Said. I am depicting here some important points of an essay here.

• Orientalism revolutionized the study of the Middle East and helped to create and shape entire new fields of study such as Post-Colonial theory as well influencing disciplines as diverse as English,History, Anthropology, Political Science and Cultural Studies.
• Said argues that understanding a vast and complex region like the Middle East in this narrow way takes away from the humanity and diversity of millions of ordinary people living decent and humane lives there.
• Well one of the interesting things about the persistence of orientalism ,mean almost when you think about it ,almost astonishing persistence of it ,was the oklahoma city bombing in April of 1995. 
• The central argument of Orientalism is that the way that we acquire this knowledge is not innocent or objective but the end result of a process that reflects certain interests. That is ,it is highly motivated.
• The difference between British and French Orientalism on the one hand and the American experience of the Orient on the other is that the American one is much more indirect, much more based on abstractions. The second big thing, I think that differs in the American Experience from the British and the French of Orientalism, is that the American Orientalism is very politicized by the presence of Israel for which American is the main ally.

Tradition and Individual talent

Here , I am sharing my views on tradition and individual talent essay which is written by T.S. Eliot.

1.How would you like to explain Eliot's concept of Tradition? Do you agree with it?

Yes, I m agree with the Eliot’s idea on Tradition in which he points out that tradition is matter of much wider significance it cannot be inherited .It engage the historical sense. Traditional in Eliot’s sense means to be conscious of the main present of art and poetry.

2.What do you understand by Historical Sense?

Historical sense is significant to the understanding text and writers always conscious for the past and present. Poet must be well aware of the history past literature of his country. And according to him that more the poet will able to understand the mind of his time’s people.

3. What is the relationship between “tradition” and “the individual talent,” according to the poet T. S. Eliot?

Relationship between the tradition and the individual talent is interdependence. Both help each other they are strongly related.

4. "Some can absorb knowledge, the more tardy must sweat for it. Shakespeare acquired more essential history from Plutarch than most men could from the whole British Museum".

Eliot explain that to be a good poet one must have the common sense. It is not necessary for a poet to read all the literary history of the past if we want to read the mind of people we must have common sense.

5. "Honest criticism and sensitive appreciation is directed not upon the poet but upon the poetry"

Eliot Start second part with  “ Honest Criticism and Sensitive appreciation is directed not upon the poet but upon the poetry ”   Here we can says that why person is not important in the poetry ? How things that is important in the poetry ? Poetry is in the center , judge poetry but not goes with poetry.

6. How would you like to explain Eliot's theory of depersonalization? You can explain with the help of chemical reaction in presence of catalyst agent, Platinum.

T.S.Eliot’s  chemical process to explain his theory of depersonalization. When the two gases SO3 + H2O---> Platinum—H2SO4

So3 – Sulphur dioxide = poet’s feelings and emotions
O2 – oxygen = poet’s experience and imaginations
Platinum - = poet’s mind
H2SO4 – sulfuric acid = poetry

It is the relevance of scientific chemical reaction with Arts and Humanities . The combination of oxygen and sulphur dioxide take place only if the platinum is present . 

7. " Poetry is not a turning loose of emotion, but an escape from emotion; it is not the expression of personality, but an escape from personality."

It is  an abstracts things like poetry .
Emotion +Feeling+Experiece= Poetry
As we know that Poet’s mind is catalyst ,without it poetry  is not possible .

In this process poet’s mind play a very important role to create poem and with this kinds of emotions we may find the poetry as a great work of poet but the role of poet it is not important as his poem. 

8.Write two points on which one can write critique on 'T.S. Eliot as a critic'.

For Eliot we can say that yes he was one of the critic that given the theory of Depersonalization . In his essay he was also proves concept of tradition .